Mesopotamia civilization

It is derived from greek word mesos meaning middle and potams meaning river.

Main rivers : Euphrates and Tigris

Main cities :

 1) Sumer

2) Akkad

3) Babylon

4) Assyria

 Language: 

 1) Sumerian

2) Akkadian

3) Aramic

4) Hebrew

Geographical location of Mesopotamia:

1. North-east: In north east lie green undulatin plains with streamo, flower and enough rain.

2. North- In north there is a stretch of upland called steppe.

3. East- Tigris is tributaries provide routes of communication into mountain of iran.

4. South-In south there lie desert. Desert support cities became of the rivers Euphrates and tigris

Significance of urbanism:

1. There was division of labour.

2. Cities and towns were well populated.

3. Urban economies comprise of trade, manufacturing and food production.

4. Stones , bronze tools and pots were used.

Writing in Mesopotamia:

1. Spoken sounds are represented in visible signs.

2. First tablet contain pictures like signs and numbers.

3. These are about 5000 list of oxen , fish , bread , loaves etc.

4. Writing began when society needed to keep records.

5 .They wrote on clay tablets.

Uses of writing in Mesopotamia:

1. Numbers and signs

2. To keep records of transactions.

3. To give legal validity to land transfer.

4. To write law and rules and regulation.

5. Narrating the orders of kings.

Mesopotamia seals:

1. They are made up of stones.

2. They were cylindrical in shape.

3. At center fitted with stick.

4. Rolled by wet clay.

5. The name of the owner, god written on the seals.